Flattened, round, or disc-shaped metal pieces with a central hole constitute washers, which are often used in combination with threaded fasteners. Before driving a screw or other threaded fastener into a surface, a washer may be inserted into the end of the fastener. The washer, however, is not pressed into the surface, prompting many individuals to question their function.
SPACING
Washers may function as spacers. If the threaded fastener is longer than the depth of the item, you won't be able to drive it all the way into the object - at least, not without part of the fastener protruding from the rear of the object. Using washers is a straightforward solution to this issue. By inserting washers through the threaded fastener prior to driving it into the item, padding is created so that the fastener is not driven too deeply.
LOAD DISTRIBUTION
The main function of the majority of washers is to spread the load of the threaded fastener with which they are used. The material into which threaded fasteners are driven is subjected to stress. Washers lessen this danger by uniformly spreading the weight of the fastener over the surface of the material.
VIBRATION ABSORPTION
Some washer types are intended to absorb vibrations. They are composed of a softer material, such as plastic, rubber, or urethane. These softer materials absorb vibrations more effectively than harder materials, such as metal. If a threaded fastener is used to connect two objects, and one of those objects vibrates aggressively, using vibration dampening washers may prevent harm to the other object.
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